ID NDUAC_HUMAN Reviewed; 145 AA. AC Q9UI09; F8VQS7; Q53XX0; Q9BRV6; DT 01-DEC-2000, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-MAY-2000, sequence version 1. DT 28-JAN-2026, entry version 196. DE RecName: Full=NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12; DE AltName: Full=13 kDa differentiation-associated protein; DE AltName: Full=Complex I-B17.2; DE Short=CI-B17.2; DE Short=CIB17.2; DE AltName: Full=NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B17.2; GN Name=NDUFA12; Synonyms=DAP13; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RX PubMed=10830904; DOI=10.1007/s004390000278; RA Triepels R., Smeitink J., Loeffen J., Smeets R., Trijbels F., RA van den Heuvel L.; RT "Characterization of the human complex I NDUFB7 and 17.2-kDa cDNAs and RT mutational analysis of 19 genes of the HP fraction in complex I-deficient- RT patients."; RL Hum. Genet. 106:385-391(2000). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Adrenal gland; RX PubMed=10931946; DOI=10.1073/pnas.160270997; RA Hu R.-M., Han Z.-G., Song H.-D., Peng Y.-D., Huang Q.-H., Ren S.-X., RA Gu Y.-J., Huang C.-H., Li Y.-B., Jiang C.-L., Fu G., Zhang Q.-H., Gu B.-W., RA Dai M., Mao Y.-F., Gao G.-F., Rong R., Ye M., Zhou J., Xu S.-H., Gu J., RA Shi J.-X., Jin W.-R., Zhang C.-K., Wu T.-M., Huang G.-Y., Chen Z., RA Chen M.-D., Chen J.-L.; RT "Gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis RT and full-length cDNA cloning."; RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:9543-9548(2000). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], AND VARIANT ALA-104. RA Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., RA Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., RA Phelan M., Farmer A.; RT "Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector."; RL Submitted (MAY-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=16541075; DOI=10.1038/nature04569; RA Scherer S.E., Muzny D.M., Buhay C.J., Chen R., Cree A., Ding Y., RA Dugan-Rocha S., Gill R., Gunaratne P., Harris R.A., Hawes A.C., RA Hernandez J., Hodgson A.V., Hume J., Jackson A., Khan Z.M., Kovar-Smith C., RA Lewis L.R., Lozado R.J., Metzker M.L., Milosavljevic A., Miner G.R., RA Montgomery K.T., Morgan M.B., Nazareth L.V., Scott G., Sodergren E., RA Song X.-Z., Steffen D., Lovering R.C., Wheeler D.A., Worley K.C., Yuan Y., RA Zhang Z., Adams C.Q., Ansari-Lari M.A., Ayele M., Brown M.J., Chen G., RA Chen Z., Clerc-Blankenburg K.P., Davis C., Delgado O., Dinh H.H., RA Draper H., Gonzalez-Garay M.L., Havlak P., Jackson L.R., Jacob L.S., RA Kelly S.H., Li L., Li Z., Liu J., Liu W., Lu J., Maheshwari M., RA Nguyen B.-V., Okwuonu G.O., Pasternak S., Perez L.M., Plopper F.J.H., RA Santibanez J., Shen H., Tabor P.E., Verduzco D., Waldron L., Wang Q., RA Williams G.A., Zhang J., Zhou J., Allen C.C., Amin A.G., Anyalebechi V., RA Bailey M., Barbaria J.A., Bimage K.E., Bryant N.P., Burch P.E., RA Burkett C.E., Burrell K.L., Calderon E., Cardenas V., Carter K., Casias K., RA Cavazos I., Cavazos S.R., Ceasar H., Chacko J., Chan S.N., Chavez D., RA Christopoulos C., Chu J., Cockrell R., Cox C.D., Dang M., Dathorne S.R., RA David R., Davis C.M., Davy-Carroll L., Deshazo D.R., Donlin J.E., RA D'Souza L., Eaves K.A., Egan A., Emery-Cohen A.J., Escotto M., Flagg N., RA Forbes L.D., Gabisi A.M., Garza M., Hamilton C., Henderson N., RA Hernandez O., Hines S., Hogues M.E., Huang M., Idlebird D.G., Johnson R., RA Jolivet A., Jones S., Kagan R., King L.M., Leal B., Lebow H., Lee S., RA LeVan J.M., Lewis L.C., London P., Lorensuhewa L.M., Loulseged H., RA Lovett D.A., Lucier A., Lucier R.L., Ma J., Madu R.C., Mapua P., RA Martindale A.D., Martinez E., Massey E., Mawhiney S., Meador M.G., RA Mendez S., Mercado C., Mercado I.C., Merritt C.E., Miner Z.L., Minja E., RA Mitchell T., Mohabbat F., Mohabbat K., Montgomery B., Moore N., Morris S., RA Munidasa M., Ngo R.N., Nguyen N.B., Nickerson E., Nwaokelemeh O.O., RA Nwokenkwo S., Obregon M., Oguh M., Oragunye N., Oviedo R.J., Parish B.J., RA Parker D.N., Parrish J., Parks K.L., Paul H.A., Payton B.A., Perez A., RA Perrin W., Pickens A., Primus E.L., Pu L.-L., Puazo M., Quiles M.M., RA Quiroz J.B., Rabata D., Reeves K., Ruiz S.J., Shao H., Sisson I., RA Sonaike T., Sorelle R.P., Sutton A.E., Svatek A.F., Svetz L.A., RA Tamerisa K.S., Taylor T.R., Teague B., Thomas N., Thorn R.D., Trejos Z.Y., RA Trevino B.K., Ukegbu O.N., Urban J.B., Vasquez L.I., Vera V.A., RA Villasana D.M., Wang L., Ward-Moore S., Warren J.T., Wei X., White F., RA Williamson A.L., Wleczyk R., Wooden H.S., Wooden S.H., Yen J., Yoon L., RA Yoon V., Zorrilla S.E., Nelson D., Kucherlapati R., Weinstock G., RA Gibbs R.A.; RT "The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12."; RL Nature 440:346-351(2006). RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], AND VARIANT ALA-104. RC TISSUE=Kidney; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [6] RP IDENTIFICATION IN THE NADH-UBIQUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE COMPLEX, AND RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY. RX PubMed=12611891; DOI=10.1074/jbc.c300064200; RA Murray J., Zhang B., Taylor S.W., Oglesbee D., Fahy E., Marusich M.F., RA Ghosh S.S., Capaldi R.A.; RT "The subunit composition of the human NADH dehydrogenase obtained by rapid RT one-step immunopurification."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 278:13619-13622(2003). RN [7] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=21269460; DOI=10.1186/1752-0509-5-17; RA Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., RA Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.; RT "Initial characterization of the human central proteome."; RL BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011). RN [8] RP INVOLVEMENT IN MC1DN23, AND VARIANT MC1DN23 60-ARG--LYS-145 DEL. RX PubMed=21617257; DOI=10.1136/jmg.2011.088856; RA Ostergaard E., Rodenburg R.J., van den Brand M., Thomsen L.L., Duno M., RA Batbayli M., Wibrand F., Nijtmans L.; RT "Respiratory chain complex I deficiency due to NDUFA12 mutations as a new RT cause of Leigh syndrome."; RL J. Med. Genet. 48:737-740(2011). RN [9] RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT MET-1, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS RP SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=22814378; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1210303109; RA Van Damme P., Lasa M., Polevoda B., Gazquez C., Elosegui-Artola A., RA Kim D.S., De Juan-Pardo E., Demeyer K., Hole K., Larrea E., Timmerman E., RA Prieto J., Arnesen T., Sherman F., Gevaert K., Aldabe R.; RT "N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal RT acetyltransferase NatB."; RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109:12449-12454(2012). RN [10] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Liver; RX PubMed=24275569; DOI=10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014; RA Bian Y., Song C., Cheng K., Dong M., Wang F., Huang J., Sun D., Wang L., RA Ye M., Zou H.; RT "An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver RT phosphoproteome."; RL J. Proteomics 96:253-262(2014). RN [11] RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT MET-1, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS RP SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=25944712; DOI=10.1002/pmic.201400617; RA Vaca Jacome A.S., Rabilloud T., Schaeffer-Reiss C., Rompais M., Ayoub D., RA Lane L., Bairoch A., Van Dorsselaer A., Carapito C.; RT "N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome."; RL Proteomics 15:2519-2524(2015). RN [12] RP FUNCTION, AND IDENTIFICATION IN THE NADH-UBIQUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE COMPLEX. RX PubMed=27626371; DOI=10.1038/nature19754; RA Stroud D.A., Surgenor E.E., Formosa L.E., Reljic B., Frazier A.E., RA Dibley M.G., Osellame L.D., Stait T., Beilharz T.H., Thorburn D.R., RA Salim A., Ryan M.T.; RT "Accessory subunits are integral for assembly and function of human RT mitochondrial complex I."; RL Nature 538:123-126(2016). CC -!- FUNCTION: Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory CC chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be CC involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons CC from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for CC the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27626371}. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Complex I is composed of 45 different subunits. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12611891, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27626371}. CC -!- INTERACTION: CC Q9UI09; Q96JP2: MYO15B; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-1246332, EBI-7950783; CC Q9UI09; Q9H2B2: SYT4; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-1246332, EBI-751132; CC Q9UI09; Q6PL24: TMED8; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-1246332, EBI-11603430; CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane CC {ECO:0000305|PubMed:12611891}; Peripheral membrane protein CC {ECO:0000255}; Matrix side {ECO:0000305}. CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2; CC Name=1; CC IsoId=Q9UI09-1; Sequence=Displayed; CC Name=2; CC IsoId=Q9UI09-2; Sequence=VSP_046948; CC -!- DISEASE: Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 23 (MC1DN23) CC [MIM:618244]: A form of mitochondrial complex I deficiency, the most CC common biochemical signature of mitochondrial disorders, a group of CC highly heterogeneous conditions characterized by defective oxidative CC phosphorylation, which collectively affects 1 in 5-10000 live births. CC Clinical disorders have variable severity, ranging from lethal neonatal CC disease to adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Phenotypes include CC macrocephaly with progressive leukodystrophy, non-specific CC encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy, myopathy, liver disease, Leigh CC syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of CC Parkinson disease. MC1DN23 transmission pattern is consistent with CC autosomal recessive inheritance. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21617257}. CC Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented CC in this entry. CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: In NDUFA12-knockout cells, complex I assembly is not CC affected, probably due to substitution by the NDUFAF2 paralog. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27626371}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I NDUFA12 subunit family. CC {ECO:0000305}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; AF217092; AAF91224.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AF112208; AAF17196.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BT007220; AAP35884.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AC011598; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AC132009; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC005936; AAH05936.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS58263.1; -. [Q9UI09-2] DR CCDS; CCDS9050.1; -. [Q9UI09-1] DR RefSeq; NP_001245267.1; NM_001258338.2. [Q9UI09-2] DR RefSeq; NP_061326.1; NM_018838.5. [Q9UI09-1] DR PDB; 5XTB; EM; 3.40 A; N=2-144. DR PDB; 5XTD; EM; 3.70 A; N=2-144. DR PDB; 5XTH; EM; 3.90 A; N=2-144. DR PDB; 5XTI; EM; 17.40 A; BN/N=2-144. DR PDB; 9CWT; EM; 3.44 A; N=1-145. DR PDBsum; 5XTB; -. DR PDBsum; 5XTD; -. DR PDBsum; 5XTH; -. DR PDBsum; 5XTI; -. DR PDBsum; 9CWT; -. DR AlphaFoldDB; Q9UI09; -. DR EMDB; EMD-45974; -. DR SMR; Q9UI09; -. DR BioGRID; 121013; 226. DR ComplexPortal; CPX-577; Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. DR CORUM; Q9UI09; -. DR FunCoup; Q9UI09; 2240. DR IntAct; Q9UI09; 112. DR MINT; Q9UI09; -. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000330737; -. DR BindingDB; Q9UI09; -. DR ChEMBL; CHEMBL2363065; -. DR DrugBank; DB00157; NADH. DR DrugCentral; Q9UI09; -. DR GlyGen; Q9UI09; 1 site, 1 O-linked glycan (1 site). DR iPTMnet; Q9UI09; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q9UI09; -. DR BioMuta; NDUFA12; -. DR DMDM; 12229870; -. DR jPOST; Q9UI09; -. DR MassIVE; Q9UI09; -. DR PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000330737; -. DR PeptideAtlas; Q9UI09; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 28348; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 84447; -. [Q9UI09-1] DR Pumba; Q9UI09; -. DR TopDownProteomics; Q9UI09-1; -. [Q9UI09-1] DR Antibodypedia; 30095; 166 antibodies from 28 providers. DR DNASU; 55967; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000327772.7; ENSP00000330737.2; ENSG00000184752.15. [Q9UI09-1] DR Ensembl; ENST00000547986.5; ENSP00000450130.1; ENSG00000184752.15. [Q9UI09-2] DR GeneID; 55967; -. DR KEGG; hsa:55967; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000327772.7; ENSP00000330737.2; NM_018838.5; NP_061326.1. DR UCSC; uc001tdl.5; human. [Q9UI09-1] DR AGR; HGNC:23987; -. DR ClinPGx; PA142671269; -. DR CTD; 55967; -. DR DisGeNET; 55967; -. DR GeneCards; NDUFA12; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:23987; NDUFA12. DR HPA; ENSG00000184752; Tissue enhanced (skeletal muscle, tongue). DR MalaCards; NDUFA12; -. DR MIM; 614530; gene. DR MIM; 618244; phenotype. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000184752; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000184752; -. DR eggNOG; KOG3382; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00390000005848; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_110455_1_0_1; -. DR InParanoid; Q9UI09; -. DR OMA; VIYTAEM; -. DR OrthoDB; 274641at2759; -. DR PAN-GO; Q9UI09; 2 GO annotations based on evolutionary models. DR PhylomeDB; Q9UI09; -. DR BioCyc; MetaCyc:HS03370-MONOMER; -. DR PathwayCommons; Q9UI09; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-611105; Respiratory electron transport. DR Reactome; R-HSA-6799198; Complex I biogenesis. DR SignaLink; Q9UI09; -. DR SIGNOR; Q9UI09; -. DR Agora; ENSG00000184752; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 55967; 14 hits in 1157 CRISPR screens. DR CD-CODE; FB4E32DD; Presynaptic clusters and postsynaptic densities. DR ChiTaRS; NDUFA12; human. DR GenomeRNAi; 55967; -. DR Pharos; Q9UI09; Tclin. DR PRO; PR:Q9UI09; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 12. DR RNAct; Q9UI09; protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000184752; Expressed in left ventricle myocardium and 190 other cell types or tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; Q9UI09; baseline and differential. DR GO; GO:0005743; C:mitochondrial inner membrane; IDA:ComplexPortal. DR GO; GO:0005739; C:mitochondrion; HTP:FlyBase. DR GO; GO:0045271; C:respiratory chain complex I; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0008137; F:NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity; NAS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0009060; P:aerobic respiration; NAS:ComplexPortal. DR GO; GO:0042775; P:mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport; IMP:CAFA. DR GO; GO:0042776; P:proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis; NAS:ComplexPortal. DR InterPro; IPR007763; NDUFA12. DR PANTHER; PTHR12910:SF2; NADH DEHYDROGENASE [UBIQUINONE] 1 ALPHA SUBCOMPLEX SUBUNIT 12; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR12910; NADH-UBIQUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE SUBUNIT B17.2; 1. DR Pfam; PF05071; NDUFA12; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW 3D-structure; Acetylation; Alternative splicing; Disease variant; KW Electron transport; Membrane; Mitochondrion; Mitochondrion inner membrane; KW Primary mitochondrial disease; Proteomics identification; KW Reference proteome; Respiratory chain; Transport. FT CHAIN 1..145 FT /note="NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex FT subunit 12" FT /id="PRO_0000118845" FT MOD_RES 1 FT /note="N-acetylmethionine" FT /evidence="ECO:0007744|PubMed:22814378, FT ECO:0007744|PubMed:25944712" FT VAR_SEQ 58..145 FT /note="RHRWVVYTTEMNGKNTFWDVDGSMVPPEWHRWLHSMTDDPPTTKPLTARKFI FT WTNHKFNVTGTPEQYVPYSTTRKKIQEWIPPSTPYK -> IVGFTV (in isoform FT 2)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT /id="VSP_046948" FT VARIANT 60..145 FT /note="Missing (in MC1DN23)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21617257" FT /id="VAR_081459" FT VARIANT 104 FT /note="T -> A (in dbSNP:rs17850017)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15489334, ECO:0000269|Ref.3" FT /id="VAR_060682" FT HELIX 3..15 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5XTB" FT HELIX 21..29 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5XTB" FT STRAND 52..54 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5XTB" FT STRAND 58..60 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5XTB" FT HELIX 68..70 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5XTB" FT STRAND 74..76 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5XTB" FT HELIX 84..90 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5XTB" FT TURN 98..100 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5XTB" FT STRAND 118..121 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5XTB" SQ SEQUENCE 145 AA; 17114 MW; C76C7F2F5974AFF9 CRC64; MELVQVLKRG LQQITGHGGL RGYLRVFFRT NDAKVGTLVG EDKYGNKYYE DNKQFFGRHR WVVYTTEMNG KNTFWDVDGS MVPPEWHRWL HSMTDDPPTT KPLTARKFIW TNHKFNVTGT PEQYVPYSTT RKKIQEWIPP STPYK //